Analysis Of Fidel Castro And The Cuban Revolution

Cuban leader Fidel Castro (1926-2016) established the first communist state in the Western Hemisphere after leading an overthrow of the military dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista in 1959. He ruled over Cuba for nearly five decades, until handing off power to his younger brother Raà ºl in 2008. During that time, Castro’s regime was successful in reducing illiteracy, stamping out racism and improving public health care, but was widely criticized for stifling economic and political freedoms. Castro’s Cuba also had a highly antagonistic relationship with the United States–most notably resulting in the Bay of Pigs invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis. The two nations officially normalized relations in July 2015, ending a trade embargo that had†¦show more content†¦Two years later, he ran for election to the Cuban House of Representatives. The election never happened, however, because Batista seized power that March. Castro responded by planning a popular up rising. â€Å"From that moment on, I had a clear idea of the struggle ahead,† he said in a 2006 â€Å"spoken autobiography.† CASTRO’S REVOLUTION BEGINS In July 1953, Castro led about 120 men in an attack on the Moncada army barracks in Santiago de Cuba. The assault failed, Castro was captured and sentenced to 15 years in prison, and many of his men were killed. The U.S.-backed Batista, looking to improve his authoritarian image, subsequently released Castro in 1955 as part of a general amnesty. Castro ended up in Mexico, where he met fellow revolutionary Ernesto â€Å"Che† Guevara and plotted his return. The following year, Castro and 81 other men sailed on the yacht â€Å"Granma† to the eastern coast of Cuba, where government forces immediately ambushed them. The estimated 18 survivors, including Castro, his brother Raà ºl and Guevara, fled deep into the Sierra Maestra Mountains in southeastern Cuba with virtually no weapons or supplies. According to Castro, the revolutionaries started reorganizing with only two rifles,. But by early 1957 they were already attracting recruits and winning small battles against Rural Guard patrols. â€Å"We’d take out the men in front, attack the center, and then ambush the rear when it started retreating, in the terrain we’d chosen,† Castro said in hisShow MoreRelatedFidel Castro And The Cuban Revolution1367 Words   |  6 PagesOn January 8th, 1959, Fidel Castro and his rebel army marched triumphantly into Havana, Cuba, having overthrown corrupt dictator Fulgencio Batista the week earlier. It was the fruition of the Cuban Revolution, and the dramatic shift in power was about to radically alter the country’s political, social and economic course forever. 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These once-executive orders now codified into law by the Helms-Burton Act, have become a politically charged topic which wins and loses elections, spawned influential interest groupsRead MoreResearch: How did Cuba and Brazil Affect Popular Music, Culture and Dance in the 1940’s and 50’s?1305 Words   |  6 PagesEvidence Between the 1940’s and 50’s Latin America began to have a tremendous effect on culture, popular music, and dance around the world, especially the United States. Music from Latin America first began to spread to the United States in 1925 when a Cuban named Mario Bauzà ¡ moved to New York and introduced a brand new style of music. Senior Bauzà ¡ moved to New York because he was not able to express his music the way he wanted to in Cuba due to his black skin color. When he moved to New York, he foundRead MoreFidel Castro, President Of Cuba856 Words   |  4 PagesFidel Castro, President of Cuba, was one of the inspiring forces of the Cuban Revolution. 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Corporate Social Responsibility in the C0-Operative Bank

Name: Aja Mariama Danso Kaplan ID: C0357076 LJMU: 480466 Topic: Corporate Social Responsibility- The Evaluation of the Co-operative Bank’s CSR and Ethical Stance Contents Page 1. Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 2. Corporate Social Responsibility †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 2 2.1 Carroll’s CSR Models †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 2.2 Modern CSR Argument †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 2.3 Introduction of 3C-SR Model †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 3. The Co-operative bank and their Stakeholders †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 4. The Co-operative bank’s CSR and Ethical Finance Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 4 4.1 Sethi’s three-stage schema †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 4.2 The 3C-SR Model †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 5 5. Conclusion†¦show more content†¦This model claims that Corporate Responsibility (CR) is a tool to making profit not ways of reducing revenue. This model is made up of three inter-related components, ethical and social commitment, connection with partners and consistency of behaviour. According to Meehan et al, if management encompasses all three elements it will build a strong corporate social performance and become a good corporate citizen. (Meehan et al, 2006). However, the models has not been based on observations and experiments, also there was no criticisms by other authors. It is subjective base and was not well supported. 3. The Co-operative Bank and Their Stakeholders [pic] Figure 1.3 The Co-operative Bank Stakeholders The Co-operative bank is a part of the co-operative group, the largest consumer co-operative in the United Kingdom (UK). The bank offers a range of financial services such as saving accounts, current accounts loans and overdrafts. They are an organisation that makes profit consistently while operating in a socially and environmentally responsible manner by putting their ethics into action (www.co-operativebank.co.uk). The Co-operative Bank is sensitive to the needs of all their stakeholders (see fig 1.3). It aspires to meet common economic, social, environmental and cultural needs of their stakeholders. Stakeholder of a company is anyone who has can be affected orShow MoreRelatedComparative Study of Commercial Banks and Co-Operative Banks20279 Words   |  82 PagesCOMPARATIVE STUDY OF COMMERCIAL BANKS AND CO-OPERATIVE BANKS Introduction The robust macroeconomic environment continued to underpin the financial performance of Indian banks during 2004-05, with major bank groups successfully weathering the impact of an upturn in interest cycle. The demand for credit was broad-based during 2004-05 with agriculture and industry joining the housing and retail sectors to drive up the demand for credit. A sharp increase in net interest income mitigated to a largeRead MoreArticle: Performance Appraisal and Performance Management35812 Words   |  144 Pagesmanagement system. This paper uses a review of the literature to evaluate the development of appraisal system and argues the critic areas of appraisal system. The review identified as advancement in the management field and growing complexity in corporate sectors demand more capable HR, so mare appraisal of employee’s performance is not sufficient. Employee’s contribution should be aligned with organizational objectives and strategy. Performance management eli minates the shortcomings of performance

Data Preprocessing free essay sample

Data Preprocessing 3 Today’s real-world databases are highly susceptible to noisy, missing, and inconsistent data due to their typically huge size (often several gigabytes or more) and their likely origin from multiple, heterogenous sources. Low-quality data will lead to low-quality mining results. â€Å"How can the data be preprocessed in order to help improve the quality of the data and, consequently, of the mining results? How can the data be preprocessed so as to improve the ef? ciency and ease of the mining process? † There are several data preprocessing techniques. Data cleaning can be applied to remove noise and correct inconsistencies in data. Data integration merges data from multiple sources into a coherent data store such as a data warehouse. Data reduction can reduce data size by, for instance, aggregating, eliminating redundant features, or clustering. Data transformations (e. g. , normalization) may be applied, where data are scaled to fall within a smaller range like 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Data Preprocessing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 0 to 1. 0. This can improve the accuracy and ef? ciency of mining algorithms involving distance measurements. These techniques are not mutually exclusive; they may work together. For example, data cleaning can involve transformations to correct wrong data, such as by transforming all entries for a date ? eld to a common format. In Chapter 2, we learned about the different attribute types and how to use basic statistical descriptions to study data characteristics. These can help identify erroneous values and outliers, which will be useful in the data cleaning and integration steps. Data processing techniques, when applied before mining, can substantially improve the overall quality of the patterns mined and/or the time required for the actual mining.

Driving Under the Influence free essay sample

Running head: Driving While Intoxicated Driving While Intoxicated SIM American University-Online Instructor Paul Jake Table of Contents Abstract3 Driving While Intoxicated4 DWI Offenders5 Statistics5 Type of Crime7 Identifying8 Facts and Myths9 Sanctions and Counter Measures10 Current Sentencing11 Cost12 Court14 Current Preventions15 Proposed Solutions15 Conclusion17 References19 Abstract The objective of the research paper is to discuss the impact that driving while impaired by alcohol (DWI) plays in alcohol-related crashes/arrest and how to reduce alcohol-crash involvements. The paper will define drunken driving, statistics of drunk driving, classification, myths and facts, who are the drunk offenders, how to identify a drunk driver and recommendations. Driving While Intoxicated Daily there are individuals who are occupants of a motor-vehicle where we are the driver or the passenger, however wherever we are seated in the vehicle we must be alert to the continual change around us. The driver, however, is responsible for the safety of the individuals occupying the motor-vehicle. Driving requires a variety of skills, so the driver must be alert and able to react to hazards. The driver must be able to see clearly and be able to judge distances and speed. When there has been consumption of alcohol many of the safe driving skills become impaired and affect the ability for drivers to safely operate a motor-vehicle and increase the chances of a crash. Impaired drivers that involve the consumption of alcohol are at times called or know as â€Å"driving while impaired† (DWI), â€Å"driving under the influence† (DUI) that are United States statutory offense, or â€Å"drunk driving†. Illegal per se: When the driver’s blood alcohol level is over . 8percent when he/she was pulled over. Although the terminology may vary, alcohol-impaired driving is a leading cause of casualties on the roads. A driver’s impairment level is determined by his/her blood alcohol content (BAC) that is a measurement of alcohol in the bloodstream; normal measurement is mass per volume. An individual with a BAC of 0. 04 percent has 0. 04 grams of alcohol p er 100 grams of blood. The United States has adopted driving with a BAC of 0. 08 percent or higher illegal for drivers, while other countries vary from as low as 0. 0 percent to 0. 08 percent (ICAP, 2002). In addition there is a zero tolerance, nationally, on individuals 20 years or younger with legal drinking age of 21. DWI Offenders Drunk driving is one of the major concern to law enforcement and citizens of the community, because the offense is committed by a lot of people in our country, which includes law abiding citizens as well. â€Å"About one-fifth to one-fourth of drivers admitted to driven after drinking at least once within the past year and about five percent estimate that they were legally impaired. Drunk driving does not discriminate, however findings have shown that 80 percent are men who are white and/or Hispanic, between 25 and 44 years of age, high school or less education, non-white-collar employed, and unmarried are likely offenders (Beirness, Mayhew, and Simpson, 1997; NHTSA, 2003). Most of the drunk drivers are likely to be heavy drinkers and they might have drinking problems (Beirness, Mayhew, and Simpson, 1997). Drunk drivers under the age of 21 are twice as likely as older drivers to be involved in fatal vehicle crashes. (NHTSA, 1999) Statistics Alcohol-related serious accidents have fallen over the past years. However, even one death is a needless tragedy that we must continue to battle daily. Serious traffic accidents in alcohol related crashes decreased by 3. 7 percent between 2006 and 2007, these results show an estimated of 12,998 people killed in alcohol-impaired driving in 2007 down from 13,491 in 2006 (NHTSA, 2008). In 2007 alcohol impaired serious accidents accounted for 32 percent of all crash deaths. Approximately thirty-six people die in the United States, and about 700 more are injured in vehicle crashes that involve alcohol impaired drivers (CDC, 2008). Kathryn Henry, spokeswoman for the national Highway Traffic Safety Administration have said they lose people to fill the equivalent of a jetliner every two days to impair driving. If that happened, the planes falling out of the sky, that would be a huge issue on the front page of every newspaper in the world. Impaired driving happens in remote places, every day, every 32 minutes. Although the NHSTA seen a positive decrease in alcohol related incidents but shown a disappointing statistics for motorcyclist. â€Å"The number of motor-bikers killed increased from 14 to 23, that’s a 64. 3 percent jump. Virginia state saw motorcyclists deaths more than triple, rising from 12 to 37† (Staff, 2008). Alcohol-impaired motorcycle riders had increased by 10 percent in 2007; other categories of impaired drivers did not show any increase (NHTSA, 2008). In 2007, an estimated 67 percent of alcohol-impaired driving fatalities involved the driver or rider of motorcycles with a BACs great than or equal to . 08. An estimated 17 percent of occupants on a motorcycle were with a motorcycle rider/driver that was impaired. Only 47 percent of motorcycle drivers carry the proper/valid endorsement on their license or permit. The criminal justice system and the public must pay more attention to the impaired-driving issues if we want to see a decline in fatalities and impaired drivers. Among the most common types of arrest made by law officers in United States is drink driving. Not all impaired drivers are fatally injured; over 1. 4 million in 2007 were arrest before they were able to fatally harm themselves. Based on this statistics it does not show how the arrests were made; the driver could’ve been involved in an accident and was able to stagger away from the crash while injuring others or damaging property. The arrest rate averages 1 for every 142 licenses drivers in the United States. Authorities make 1 arrest for DWI for every 772 stops of driving within 2 hours of drinking and for every 88 occurrences of driving over the legal limit in the United States (FBI 2008). Type of Crime The largest category of criminal infraction of all cases in the U. S. and considered the most serious misdemeanor offense is driving while intoxicated. In many states repeat offenders are consider felons. Generally the first DWI charge in all states is considered misdemeanors. When a DW is classified as a misdemeanor, the charges involve no injury or property damage. A felony means that there has been serious injury to a person or property that occurred, or is a repeated offender involving DWI convictions on their record. No matter the classification of a DWI there is a potential the offense will remain on ones record for life. Identifying Drivers who maybe under the influence of alcohol display behaviors that can be identified by officers or citizen drivers in four categories that is: maintaining proper lane positions; low or high speed and constant braking; vigilance and impaired judgment. These categories are cues to predict that a driver is DWI at least 35 percent of the time. The probability of a DWI increases when the driver exhibits more than one of the cues (NHTSA, 2008 ). When the investigating officer has probable cause that a person is operating a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol, the investigating officer will ask that person to perform a field sobriety test to determine whether or not he/she is actually under the influence of alcohol. The field sobriety test is a critical element of identifying a drunk driver for the nvestigating officers’ impression, refusal to take the sobriety and/or chemical test has penalties in every state. Initially, the field sobriety test serves as the best method for an investigating officer to be ascertaining that â€Å"reasonable cause† exist to require the suspect to submit to a breathalyzer test. The field sobriety tests consist of the one-leg stand test, the walk and turn test, and the horizontal gaze (rapid, involuntary, oscillatory motion of the eyeball) tests. These tests are not mandatory and the driver can refuse to submit to these tests. The police officer may arrest someone if they refuse to submit to the field sobriety tests. The police have also begun to employ preliminary breath tests (PBTs). These tests are not mandatory and if someone refuses to submit to a PBT he or she is subject to a fine (and despite the title of the statute); will not be suspended for refusal to submit to a preliminary breath test. At completion of the field sobriety tests, the police officer may, based on his or her observations, arrest the person for driving under the influence, advise him or her of their constitutional rights, and ask them to submit to a chemical test. Facts and Myths The subject of drunken driving (DWI) is filled with emotions, inaccuracies and for some wishful thinking. But whether or not we are correctly informed, someone is paying the consequence for drunk driving. In many cases, what is represented as â€Å"fact’ is really fiction and it becomes hard to notice the difference. The down play of alcohol, impairment, has had a large effect on society and their feelings of impaired driving. There are various myths about consumption and content about alcohol that mislead many ‘drinkers. ’ The belief is that beer contains less alcohol than a glass of wine or a shot of distilled spirits is a myth. The content of beer has the same amount of alcohol in a 12-ounce bottle or can of beer is equivalent to a 5-ounce glass of wine, and a 1. 5-ounce shot all have equivalent amounts of alcohol. Another common myth is that a person becomes drunk more quickly by drinking a combination of beer, wine, and spirits. However, as we can see from the first myth that drinks contain the same amount of alcohol, so combing alcoholic drinks makes no difference. The only effect alcohol has on an individual depend on other factors, such as a persons weight, gender, and if he/she had any food to eat before drinking (DUI Foundation, 2008). Besides the myth of what alcohol and it consumption effecting an individual, there are myths about how to sober up quickly or cover the effects of alcohol. The sobering fact is that coffee, cold shower, or physical exercise will not work to rid the body of what has been consumed. The only method that works is the passage of time, as human body can filters alcohol out the blood stream at a rate of about one ounce of alcohol per hour. Sanctions and Counter Measures As a general rule, a DUI can be charged as a misdemeanor or as a felony, depending on the circumstances involving in the case. Laws are different from state to state; therefore charges of a DUI will vary based on states laws/regulations. The penalties can be increased or decreased base on circumstances. DUI punishments may involve a fine, restriction, suspension or revocation of license or vehicle, DUI School, and time spent in jail. Recently, several states have increased penalties for those caught drinking and driving, especially for repeat offenders, since the nationwide DUI laws passed in 1980 pushed by groups like Mother Against Drunk Drivers (MADD). Some state legislatures have passed laws requiring mandatory jail time for repeated DUI convictions. Fines have increased and the length at which ones license is suspended has been extended and receiving a â€Å"hardship† license to get back and forth to work has become more difficult to obtain. Penalties are generally, also, increased for circumstances involving a child when the DUI offense was committed, if the offender has a prior conviction of DUI, driver was speeding twenty to thirty miles above the posted speed limit, the BAL was at or above . 0 percent, and if there were property damages and injuries sustained by a crash. Vehicular manslaughter or in many cases second degree murder can be charged as a DUI penalty if a fatality occurs which is related to the DUI. Current Sentencing Courts implement numerous approaches to reduce the possibility of recidivism for offenders arrest or convicted of drunk driving. Sentencing of offenders have several different objections, howe ver reducing recidivism is priority. The sentences imposed on DWI offenders are rehabilitation, retribution, incapacitation, general and specific deterrence. In some cases restitution and/or program financing may be objectives in sentencing. Before sentencing is handed down in any form there should be an evaluation of the offender to determine what method would best suit the offender from re-offending. There is no one sentence that is effective for all DWI offenders. When passing down a sentence it should be tailored based on circumstances of the offender and their offense. Sentencing that is passed down to the DWI offender varies greatly on cost, resources available and the case. To control/eliminate the issue of drunken driving courts try to follow the â€Å"three Rs†, which are: †¢ Restriction on driving (revoke license, suspend vehicle registration, etc. ) †¢ Restitution (fines, community service, etc. ) †¢ Rehabilitation (treatment, probation, etc. ) (Guide to Sent DWI Offenders,2005) Restricting vehicle operation by a drunk driver is suspending drivers licenses, impounding the vehicle or immobilizing the vehicle, and requiring alcohol ignition interlock devices on the offenders’ vehicle. By restricting driving studies have shown that license revocation has decreased late night crashes by nine percent; installing ignition interlock devices have reduced repeated DWI offenses by 50 percent to 90 percent and; impounding the vehicle reduced DWI offences for convicted drivers. Restitution by fines, incarceration and/or financial restitution maybe required compensation, to the victim/community. Community services has little to no impact on recidivism, judges use this method to develop a meaningful sanction. To offset the cost of law enforcement, treatment programs, and efforts to reduce drunken driving fines and court fees can be used. Rehabilitation programs are launched with the goal of rehabilitating drunk driver rather than place them in jail. Punishment alone does not seem to be effective. In rehabilitation programs reduction of drunk drivers reduces recidivism by working at the root of the problem by requiring treatment and accountability in an intensive, long-term program. This duration allows the streets to be safe, while influence a change in the offender. Cost For an individual who chose to drink and driver costs vary depending on circumstances and jurisdiction in which they are being charged. For a first DUI, some states impose fines ranging from $500 to $1,000. Some states require a fine up to $15,000 for anyone who has been charged with and has hand prior DUI convictions. Although fines are imposed, this is not the only financial loss for the offender. Other cost association with drunk driving should be taken into consideration. First DUI offense for a driver can cost up to $20,000 in legal/lawyer fees and other expenses. Although an estimate and cost varies, the following cost may factor the offender choice to drink while intoxicated: †¢ Towing/Car Storage- $100. 00 †¢ Bail- $250. 00 †¢ Lawyer’s Fees- $1,500. 00 plus †¢ Court’s Fees- $200. 00 †¢ Conditional License- $175. 00 An offender is not the only person who endure costly expenses but many others who are impacted directly such as victims or indirectly such as the tax papers (economy). In an Economic Impact of Vehicle Crashes report in 2000, the economical impact on alcohol-involved cashes scored high about 16,792 deaths as well as 513,000 non-fatal injuries, which calculated $50. 9 billion in economical expenses. All alcohol related crashes accounted for 22 percent of all crash. In Wisconsin an offender, Adair, had nine DUI’s prior to a 1999 crash that almost took his life and his unexpected 19 year old victim who was trapped in the car she was driving when Adair smashed his pickup truck in to Sarah Johnson’s car. Adair’s offenses of drunk driving have cost nearly $365,000 since 1985. Of the nearly $365,000 roughly $240,000 came from tax dollars and insurance payouts. Annually, in â€Å"Wisconsin alone taxpayers pay $2. 7 billion in alcohol-related law enforcement and legal system costs; incarceration; crash investigation and cleanup; lost productivity; and premature deaths, according to the Center for Science in the Public Interest† (jsonline, 2008). Table 1: Totaling the cost of Adair’s Action Adair’s numbers are lifetime to date (in 2008 dollars). Wisconsin numbers are for years indicated. |Ricky Adair |Wisconsin | |Prison |$104,658 |Statewide cost in fiscal year 2007 for prisoners whose crimes | | | |involved alcohol:$322 million | |Health Care |Cost for Ricky Adair and Sarah |State cost in 2007 for DWI related accidents and medical $935 | | |Johnson, injured when his care |million | | |collided with hers:$89,943 | | |Alcohol Treatment |$4, 704 |Statewide, the cost in 2007: $190 million | |Attorneys’ Fees |$16, 891 |Annual cost of OWI cases handled by the State Public Defender | | | |in 2007: $1. 46 million | Source: jsonline, Milwaukee 2008 Accidents involving a driver or/and a non-occupant with a BAC of . 10 percent or great accounted for 75 percent of all alcohol-involved crash costs. The impact of alcohol rated crashes on the economic monomials various based on the severity. Alcohol-related crashes accounted for 46 percent of fatal injury cost; 21 percent of nonfatal crash cost; and 10 percent of the crash costs consisted of property damage only. (NSHTA, 2000) Court The courts role in a DWI cases is the same role it plays with other cases. However, DWI cases can sometimes be considered another part of the â€Å"judicial system,† since the court has a very different role to play than law enforcement, prosecution, or corrections. DWI cases are much broader and although it interacts with different agencies the court establishes the tone towards DWI cases in the community. The court addresses the defendant to stress the severity of the DWI or explain to the investigating law enforcement why a case was unsuccessfully prosecuted. The judicial system, specifically the judge, shapes the public attitude towards DWI prevention and enforcement. Current Preventions NHTSA has credited the states laws in rising the legal drinking age to 21 with preventing about 1,000 traffic death per year. Legislation also imposing a zero tolerance law for young drivers ages 20 and younger. The BAC was not only enacted for young drivers/individuals but for those 21 years of age and older that provided incentives for all States. The current prevention have been effective, however further prevention of drunk driving related arrest and incidents are still being evaluated. Proposed Solutions Everyone has their different ideas about what kind of laws and police would help reduce drunk driving. Driving while intoxicated is a huge road safety issue (Staff, 2008). Many different ideas have circulated from prohibiting/eliminating alcohol beverages, increase alcohol taxes, stiffer fines/sentencing, etc. However, the problem will not disappear but only reduced. Drunk driving is very deadly there has to be more than just long-term attitude adjustment to the problem. There are many different proposals in the Legislative Branch of our justice system; to combat the increasing issue in some states even though nationwide we are starting to see declining numbers. Two proposals/laws I felt that would help combat the seriousness of drunk driving comes from the bills in the Wisconsin Legislature that will draw support from the public but may come under attack by the Tavern Leagues and I believe that all states should have tougher laws and they should follow the Wisconsin proposed/laws in the legislature. The first measure has been drafted by State Senator Neal Kedzi which would lower the legal blood-alcohol limit from 0. 08 percent to 0. 2 percent for someone who has been convicted of two more offense of driving under alcohol intoxicants; this gives a margin for one alcohol beverage for an average person. Senator Kedzi is on the right direction with this bill, however this should be applied for anyone after the first offense rather than the second, but t ightening the drinking offense so drastically would prove to be a long battle given the nature and the strength that the Tavern League has (Kedzi, 2009). Implementing this bill by Senator Kedzie would intend to decrease the rate of alcohol related motor vehicle accidents. The decision to support lower BAC levels, but not to press for immediate adoption of a zero tolerance policy would, in hopes, gain public and political support. This process could also focus on educating the public, policy makers and medical sources about the issue of the influence of alcohol on ones ability for judgment/physical capabilities (Kedzi, 2009). The bill proposed by Senator Kedzie also included two proposed provisions that  include that those convicted of drunken driving  be prohibited from buying any vehicles while their licenses are suspended or revoked, and those applying for occupational driver’s licenses would have to wait for fifteen days to get them. In Australia the implementation of lower the BAC has proven to be effective. A study that was â€Å"conducted by the Austrian Road Safety Board reviewed the effects of lowering the BAC from . 08 to . 05(driveandstayalive, 2003),† which is . 02 percent higher than Wisconsin proposed bill. Since the lowering of the BAC in Australia in 1998 alcohol-related crashes declined 11. 6 percent from 1997. The study concluded that lowering the BAC, increased awareness and law enforcement support, it has been a suitable means in reducing alcohol-related crashes (driveandstayalive, 2003). This bill is a great way in reducing DWI’s crashes. Although the reduction of BAC from . 08 percent to . 02 percent is a great proposal the latest reduction that was mandated wasn’t so drastic. The latest mandated BAC drop went from . 10 percent to . 08 percent, in most states, so in keeping with less drastic changes prosing a . 05 or . 06 percent BAC maybe more realistic to gain support and enforcement. However like any change, this will gain protest as everyone reacts differently to alcohol consumption and a low BAC, consumption of alcohol, will impair their judgment/ability like it may another. The second bill requires that bartenders have no alcohol in their system, as we know alcohol is an impairment of judgment. This bill is authored by Rep. Josh Zepnick, and having been a sober bartender, believe this is to be an accurate proposed bill. This bill would hold the bar owners and bartenders and/or serves more accountable for their patron who leave with to much alcohol in their system. Conclusion Many drivers who are cited for drunk driving maintain that they never intended to drink and drive or had any intent in causing harm to a person or to property. Understand the problem, associated with DWIs have been established, strategies to reduce the problem can be addressed. Strategies can come from a variety of different studies and law enforcement reports. However, each strategy should be tailored to circumstances presented for that specific community analyzing the problem. With the hopes that states can effectively implement a response to the drunken driving issues, a reduction in number of crashes and proportion of crashes; injuries and fatalities in crashes and the proportion of all crashes that result in injuries and deaths; reducing severity of crash injuries and; reduce the property damages from crashes shall be successful . ecreasing the number of drunk drivers on the road is the primary objective in reducing alcohol related harm/damage, by the use of motor-vehicles. Any implementation to reduce DWI, however, does not just fall on the states to effectively respond to the continuing issue of drunk driving but the community and ef forts of public services. References Barton, G. (2008, October 21). One drunken drivers tab: $365,000 JSOnline. In Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved August 01, 2011, from http://www. jsonline. com/news/wisconsin/31446759. html Beirness, Mayhew, Simpson. (1997). Welcome to the Health Canada Web site | Bienvenue au site Web de Sant. Retrieved August 01, 2011, from

The Simpsons Is One Of Americas Most Popular Television Shows. Essays

The Simpsons is one of Americas most popular television shows. It ranks as the number one television program for viewers under eighteen years of age. However, the ideals that The Simpsons conveys are not always wholesome, sometimes not even in good taste. It is inevitable that The Simpsons is affecting children. Matt Groening took up drawing to escape from his troubles in 1977. At the time, Groening was working for the L.A. Reader, a free weekly newspaper. He began working on Life in Hell, a humorous comic strip consisting of people with rabbit ears. The L.A. Reader picked up a copy of his comic strip and liked what they saw. Life in Hell gradually became a common comic strip in many free weeklies and college newspapers across the country. It even developed a cult status. (Varhola, 1) Life in Hell drew the attention of James L. Brooks, producer of works such as Taxi, The Mary Tyler Moore Show, and Terms of Endearment. Brooks originally wanted Groening to make an animated pilot of Life in Hell. Groening chose not to do so in fear of loosing royalties from papers that printed the strip. Groening presented Brooks with an overweight, balding father, a mother with a blue beehive hairdo, and three obnoxious spiky haired children. Groening intended for them to represent the typical American family "who love each other and drive each other crazy". Groening named the characters after his own family. His parents were named Homer and Margaret and he had two younger sisters named Lisa and Maggie. Bart was an anagram for "brat". Groening chose the last name "Simpson" to sound like the typical American family name. (Varhola, 2) Brooks decided to put the 30 or 60 second animations on between skits on The Tracy Ullman Show on the unsuccessful Fox network. Cast members Dan Castellaneta and Julie Kavner did the voices of Homer and Marge. Yeardley Smith (later to star in Herman's Head) did the voice of Lisa. Nancy Cartwright did the voice of Bart. Cartwright previously supplied the voices for many cartoons, including Galaxy High, Fantastic Max, Richie Rich, Snorks, Pound Puppies, My Little Pony, and Glo-Friends. Tracy Ullman later added Cartwright to her cast. (Dale and Trich, 11) Brooks, Groening, and Sam Simon, Tracy Ullman's producer, wanted to turn the Simpson family into their own show. The Fox network was looking for material to appeal to younger viewers. The only show they had that drew a young audience was Married With Children. To Fox's pleasure, The Simpsons saved the network from near failure. (Varhola, 3) On December 17, 1989, The Simpsons got their break. The Christmas special, "Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire" aired. (Dale and Trich, 19) In the episode, Bart got a tattoo, much to Marge's dislike. She quickly spent all of the family's Christmas money to remove Bart's tattoo with a laser. At the same time, Homer, still on his morning coffee break at 4:00 in the afternoon, learns that he will not receive a Christmas bonus. When he learns that Marge is relying on the money for Christmas, he decides that he will do the Christmas shopping for the year. He quickly buys Marge panty hose, Bart paper, Lisa crayons, and Maggie a dog toy. When he realizes that he is not doing very well, he gets a second job as a mall Santa for the extra money. On the way home from work, he steals a Christmas tree. The next day at the mall, Bart sits on his Dad's lap and pulls down his beard. Homer responds by choking Bart and making him help make Christmas better. On Christmas Eve, Homer receives his check, $13.70 for over 40 hours work. Homer takes Bart to the dog track as a final chance for Christmas money. They discovered a gem in the third race, Santa's Little Helper. How could this dog lose on Christmas Eve? The odds were 99 to 1, they were going to be rich. Homer put all of his money on Santa's Little Helper, and to his horror, he never even finished. As Homer and Bart were scouring the parking lot for winning tickets into the night, they saw the track manager throw out a dog. It was not just any dog, it was Santa's Little Helper. When Bart and Homer came home to their worried family, they had a good Christmas after all. Now they had a dog. (Pond) "Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire" was not the typical Christmas story. It dealt with body art, sleeping in the work place, sibling rivalry, stealing a Christmas tree, a misbehaved

Life and Art of Anni Albers, Modernist Weaver

Life and Art of Anni Albers, Modernist Weaver Born Anneliese Fleischmann in 1899 to an affluent German family, Anni Albers was expected to live the tranquil life of a housewife. Yet Anni was determined to become an artist. Known for her masterful textile work and influential ideas about design, Albers went on to establish weaving as a new medium for modern art. Fast Facts: Anni Albers Full Name: Anneliese Fleischmann AlbersBorn: June 12, 1899 in Berlin, German EmpireEducation: BauhausDied: May 9, 1994 in Orange, Connecticut, U.S.Spouses Name: Josef Albers (m. 1925)Key Accomplishments: First textile designer to receive a solo show at the Museum of Modern Art. Early Life As a teenager, Anni knocked on famed Expressionist painter Oskar Kokoschka’s door and asked him if she could apprentice under him. In response to the young woman and the paintings she had brought with her, Kokoschka scoffed, barely giving  her the time of day. Undiscouraged, Anni turned to the newly founded Bauhaus in Weimar, Germany where, under the guidance of architect Walter Gropius, a new philosophy of design was being developed. Bauhaus Years Anni met her future husband Josef Albers, eleven years her senior, in 1922. According to Anni, she asked to be placed as a student in the Bauhaus glassmaking studio because she had seen a handsome-looking man at work there, and she hoped he could be her teacher. Though she was denied placement in the glass workshop, she nevertheless found a lifelong partner in the man: Josef Albers. They married in 1925 and would remain married  for more than 50 years, until Josef’s death in 1976. Though the Bauhaus preached inclusivity, women were  allowed entrance only into the bookmaking studio and the weaving workshop. And as the bookmaking workshop shuttered soon after the Bauhaus’ founding, women found that their only option was to enter as weavers. (Ironically, it was the commercial sale of the fabrics they produced that kept the Bauhaus financially secure.) Albers excelled in the program and eventually became head of the workshop.  Ã‚   At the Bauhaus, Albers exhibited a remarkable ability to innovate with a variety of materials. For her diploma project, she was charged with creating fabric to line the walls of an auditorium. Using cellophane and cotton, she made a material which could reflect light and absorb sound, and could not be stained. Black Mountain College In 1933, the Nazi Party came to power in Germany. The Bauhaus project came to an end under pressure from the regime. As Anni had Jewish roots (though her family had converted to Christianity in her youth), she and Josef believed it best to flee Germany. Rather serendipitously, Josef was offered a job at Black Mountain College in North Carolina, by way of a recommendation of Philip Johnson, a trustee at the Museum of Modern Art. Black Mountain College was an experiment in education, inspired by the writings and teachings of John Dewey. Dewey’s philosophy preached of an artistic education as the means to educating democratic citizens capable of exercising individual judgment. Josef’s pedagogical skill was soon an invaluable part of the curriculum of Black Mountain, where he taught the importance of understanding material, color, and line through the pure act of seeing. Anni Albers was an assistant instructor at Black Mountain, where she taught students in the weaving studio. Her own philosophy was derived from the importance of understanding of material. We touch things to put ourselves in close contact with reality, to remind ourselves we are in the world, not above it, she wrote.   Annie Albers, Knot (1947). Courtesy of David Zwirner As her husband spoke little English upon arrival to the United States (and in fact would never speak it fluently despite forty years in America), Anni acted as his translator, having learned English from the Irish governess with whom she grew up in Berlin. Her command of the language was remarkable, as is apparent when reading any of her extensive writings, either in numerous publications for the Black Mountain newsletter, or in her own published works. Peru, Mexico, and Yale From Black Mountain, Anni and Josef would drive to Mexico, sometimes with friends, where they would study the ancient culture through sculpture, architecture, and craft. Both had much to learn and began collecting figurines and examples of ancient cloths and ceramics. They would also bring home the memory of South America’s color and light, which both would incorporate into their practices. Josef would seek to capture the pure desert oranges and reds, while Anni would mimic the monolithic forms she discovered in the ruins of ancient civilizations, incorporating them into works like  Ancient Writing  (1936)  and  La Luz  (1958). In 1949, due to disagreements with the administration of Black Mountain, Josef and Anni Albers left Black Mountain College for New York City, and then went on to Connecticut, where Josef was offered a position at the Yale School of Art. In the same year, Albers was given the first solo show dedicated to a textile artist at the Museum of Modern Art.   Writings Anni Albers was a prolific writer, often publishing in crafts journals about weaving. She was also the author of the  Encyclopedia Brittanica’s entry on hand weaving, with which she begins her seminal text,  On Weaving, first published in 1965. (An updated, color version of this work was reissued by Princeton University Press in 2017.)  On Weaving  was only in part an instruction manual, but is more accurately described as an homage to a medium. In it, Albers extols the pleasures of the process of weaving, revels in the importance of its materiality, and explores its lengthy history. She dedicates the work to the ancient weavers of Peru, whom she calls her â€Å"teachers,† as she believed the medium reached its highest heights in that civilization. Anni Albers, Open Letter (1958). Courtesy David Zwirner Albers sold her loom by 1968 after producing her last weaving, appropriately titled  Epitaph. When accompanying her husband to a residency at a college in California, she refused to be the wife who sat idly by, so she found a means to be productive. She used the school’s art studios to produce silkscreens, which would soon dominate her practice and often mimicked the geometries she developed in her woven works. Death and Legacy Before Anni Albers’ death May 9, 1994, the German government paid Mrs. Albers reparations for the confiscation of her parents’ successful furniture business in the 1930s, which was shut down due to the family’s Jewish roots. Albers put the resulting sum into a foundation, which manages the Albers estate today. It includes the couple’s archive, as well as the papers relating to  a few of their students from Black Mountain, among them wire sculptor  Ruth Asawa. Sources Albers, A. (1965).  On Weaving.  Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.Danilowitz, B.  and  Liesbrock, H. (eds.). (2007).  Anni and Josef Albers: Latin AmericanJourneys. Berlin: Hatje Cantz.Fox  Weber, N.  and  Ã‚  Tabatabai Asbaghi, P. (1999).  Anni Albers.  Venice: Guggenheim Museum.​Smith, T. (21014).  Bauhaus Weaving Theory: From Feminine Craft to Mode of DesignBauhaus. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

Innovation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Innovation Management - Essay Example Not just the adjustment in the earth is making organization receive new patterns, for example, it increases spending to have the capacity to meet the aggressive basic, yet these patterns additionally add to an increment in the instability. From a systemic point of view, the outcomes of these activities can be opened up past desires by the interrelatedness of the components prompting the conclusions that the very results of organizational activities are progressively eccentric. This clear mystery of innovation is normally a common marker of complex systems at work. For this situation, the utilization of innovation to improve the possibilities of survival of the firm, by endeavoring to control its surroundings, winds up compounding advance nature rendering it more turbulent. This expanded vulnerability prompts multilevel flimsiness with direct outcomes: both new dangers and new open doors for organizations. Expanding the turbulence in a situation does not mean actuating a change in all measurements consistently in the meantime. These adjustments in the earth can be seen as instabilities for a few organizations and consequently make dangers. Then again, these progressions can likewise be "arranged" to bring open doors for the organizations that made them. Turbulence might frequently be close to genuine rivalry from organizations in full control of the commercial center. This is what is known as the test of the hypothesis to see how organizations change and change themselves while in the meantime changing and changing their surroundings.